How do I mock a fetch call with Jest to test async functions in JavaScript?

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        // Example async function using fetch
        async function fetchData(url) {
            const response = await fetch(url);
            if (!response.ok) {
                throw new Error('Network response was not ok');
            }
            return response.json();
        }

        // Jest test with fetch mock
        test('fetchData returns data when fetch is successful', async () => {
            const mockData = { data: '12345' };
            
            // Mock fetch to resolve with a successful response
            global.fetch = jest.fn(() =>
                Promise.resolve({
                    ok: true,
                    json: () => Promise.resolve(mockData),
                })
            );

            const data = await fetchData('https://api.example.com/data');
            expect(data).toEqual(mockData);
            expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://api.example.com/data');
        });

        test('fetchData throws an error when fetch fails', async () => {
            // Mock fetch to resolve with a failed response
            global.fetch = jest.fn(() =>
                Promise.resolve({
                    ok: false,
                })
            );

            await expect(fetchData('https://api.example.com/data')).rejects.toThrow('Network response was not ok');
            expect(global.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith('https://api.example.com/data');
        });
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